Dutch East Indies:  Name of the Dutch colony which, along with other territories, became modern Indonesia. The capital was Batavia.DNS: Acronym for Dutch Native Schools.

 

Mohamad Hatta: (huh tuh) 1902-1980. Educated in the DNS and in Holland, where he was active in anticolonial politics. Arrested in 1927, he was acquitted; Hatta returned to Batavia in 1932.Hatta felt that the education of nationalist leaders was more important than the formation of mass parties (which would be easy targets for Dutch suppression). Arrested again in 1935, he was exiled from Java until just before the Japanese invasion. During the war, he served as vice-chair of mass organizations. In August 1945, he and Sukarno founded Indonesia by declaring independence. Sukarno became president and Hatta, vice-president. Troubled by political trends, Hatta resigned as vice-president in 1956.

 

Netherlands Indies: Another term for the Dutch East Indies.

 

PKI: Acronym for Partai Komunis Indonesia, the Indonesian communist party. Founded in 1920. The PKI enjoyed mass popularity on Java and Sumatra, but was suppressed by the Dutch. Re-emerging after WWII, the PKI was active until 1966, when it was banned. See Chapters 8, 11.

 

PNI: Stands for Partai Nasional Indonesia, the Indonesian Nationalist Party. Founded by Sukarno in 1927 as an independence-seeking mass party. Dissolved in 1930, it was re-formed in 1945 and was the most important party until 1971, when Sukarno was deposed. PN1 became part of the Indonesian Democratic Party in 1973. See Chapters 8, 11.

 

Priyayi; {pre yuh yee) The traditional educated ruling class of Java.

 

Sukarno: (1901-1970). Co-founder of the Republic of Indonesia, he was its first president. His greatest legacy was the concept of "Indonesia," a modem nation-state formed from the great diversity of the islands. A popular, nationalist leader, he led a leftist government that allied itself with China and was hostile to Malaysia and the West. Sukarno developed "Guided Democracy." See Chapters 8, 11.